|
|
| Previous | Table of Contents | Next |
Display File Fields
$cut –clist [ files ]
$cut –flist [ –dc ] [ –s ] [ files ]
Description:
The cut command displays fields from lines in the specified files according to selection options. The fields can be of fixed or variable length.
Options:
| –clist | display characters from the positions in list |
| –dc | set the field delimiter to c (default tab) |
| –flist | display the fields specified in list |
| –s | suppress lines with no delimiter characters |
| files | read standard input if files are –, or no files are specified |
| list | comma separated list of integer field numbers; integers separated with a – indicate a range |
Display Arguments
$echo arguments
Description:
The echo command displays arguments on standard output. Special escape characters can be used to format arguments.
Escape Characters:
| \b | backspace |
| \c | line without ending newline |
| \f | formfeed |
| \n | newline |
| \r | carriage return |
| \t | tab |
| \v | vertical tab |
| \\ | backslash |
| \0x | character whose octal value is x |
Search Files for Patterns
$egrep [ options ] 'expression' [ files ]
Description:
The egrep command displays lines in files that contain the given full regular expression pattern.
Options:
| –b | precede each line with the block number |
| –c | display the number of lines that match only |
| –e –expression | search for expression that begins with – |
| –f file | get expressions from file |
| –i | ignore case of letters during comparisons |
| –l | display file names with matching lines once |
| –n | display the output with line numbers |
| –v | display non-matching lines |
| files | read standard input if no files are specified |
Evaluate Expression Arguments
$expr arguments
Description:
The expr command evaluates arguments as an expression. Expression tokens must be separated with blanks, and special characters must be escaped. Integer arguments can be preceded by a minus sign to indicate a negative number.
Operators (listed in order of precedence):
| exp1 \| exp2 | return exp1 if neither null nor 0, else return exp2 |
| exp1 \& exp2 | return exp1 if neither null nor 0, else return 0 |
| exp1 \<, \<=, =, !=, \>=, \> exp2 | return result of the integer or string comparison |
| exp1 +, –, \*, /, % exp2 | return result of the arithmetic operation |
| exp1 : exp2 | return the result on the number of matched characters between exp1 and exp2 |
Search Files for Patterns
$grep [ options ] 'expression' [ files ]
Description:
The grep command displays lines from files that match the given limited regular expression.
Options:
| –b | precede each line with the block number |
| –c | display the number of matching lines |
| –i | ignore case of letters during comparisons |
| –l | display only filenames with matching lines once |
| –n | display the output with line numbers |
| –s | do not display error messages |
| –v | display non-matching lines only |
| files | read standard input if no files are specified |
Merge Lines Between Files
$paste file1 file2 . . .
$paste –dlist file1 file2 . . .
$paste –s [ –dlist ] file1 file2 . . .
Description:
The paste command merges corresponding lines from files. Each file is treated as a column or columns of a table and displayed horizontally.
Options:
| –dlist | replace tabs with characters from list. If this option is not specified, the newline characters for each file (except for the last file, or if –s is given, the last line) are replaced with tabs. The list can contain these special characters: | ||
| \n | newline | ||
| \t | tab | ||
| \0 | empty string | ||
| \\ | backslash | ||
| –s | merge subsequent lines instead of one | ||
| files | read standard input if file1 or file2 is – | ||
Stream Editor
$sed [ –n ] [ –e 'script ' [ –f file ] [ files ]
| Previous | Table of Contents | Next |