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Sort-Merge Files
$sort [–cmu] [–ofile] [–yk] [–zn][–dfiMnr][–btc]
[ +pos1 –pos2 ]] [ files ]
Description:
The sort command sorts lines from files.
Options:
| –b | ignore leading tabs and spaces | |
| –c | check that the input is in sorted order | |
| –d | sort in dictionary order; only letters, digits, and white-space are significant in comparisons | |
| –f | sort upper and lower case letters together | |
| –i | ignore non-printable characters | |
| –m | merge already sorted files | |
| –M | sort as months. The first three non-blank characters are converted to upper case and compared. (implies –b) | |
| –n | sort by numerical value; blanks, minus signs, and decimal points can also be given (implies –b) | |
| –ofile | send output to file (default standard output) | |
| –r | reverse the sorting order | |
| –tc | set the field separator to c | |
| –u | display only one occurrence of duplicate lines | |
| –y[k] | use k kilobytes of memory to sort (default max) | |
| –zn | use n bytes of buffer for long lines | |
| files | read standard input if files is – or no files given | |
| +pos1 [ –pos2] sort from pos1 to pos2. | ||
| If pos2 is not specified, sort from pos1 to the end of line. The format for pos1 and pos2 is: m[.n] [bdfinr] | ||
| m | m fields from start of line (default 0) | |
| n | n characters from start of field (default 0) | |
| bdfinr | option applies to the specified key only | |
Translate Characters
$tr [–cds] [string1] [string2]
Description:
The tr command copies standard input to output and translates characters from string1 to characters in string2.
Options:
| –c | translate characters not in string1 |
| –d | delete characters in string1 from input |
| –s | truncate repeated characters from string2 |
Strings:
| [a–z] | specifies range of characters from a to z |
| [c*n] | specifies n repetitions of c. If the first digit in n is 0, n interpreted as octal. (default decimal) |
Report Duplicate Lines
$uniq [ –udc [ +n ] [ –n ] ] [ file1 [ file2 ] ]
Description:
The uniq command removes duplicate adjacent lines from file1 and places the output in file2.
Options:
| –c | display a count of duplicate lines also |
| –d | display only duplicate lines once |
| –u | display only unique lines from the original file |
| –n | skip first n fields from start of line |
| +n | skip first n characters from the start of field |
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