| :
| null command; returns zero exit status
|
| . file
| read and execute the commands in file in the current environment
|
| break
| exit from the current enclosing for, select, until, or while loop
|
| break n
| exit from the nth enclosing for, select, until, or while loop
|
| cd dir
| change directory to dir. If dir not specified, change directory to $HOME.
|
| cd dir1 dir2
| change to directory where dir1 in the current pathname is substituted with dir2
|
| cd –
| change directory to the previous directory
|
| echo args
| display arguments
|
| eval commands
| read and execute commands
|
| exec I/O-redirection-command
| perform I/O redirection on file descriptors
|
| exec command
| replace current process with command
|
| exit
| exit from the current program with the exit status of the last command. If given at the command prompt terminate the login shell.
|
| exit n
| exit from the current program with exit status n
|
| export
| display a list of exported variables
|
| export var=value
| set var to value and export
|
| export vars
| export vars
|
| false
| return a non-zero exit status
|
| fc –l[options] [range]
| display range commands from the history file according to options. If no range argument is given, display the last 16 commands. Options can be:
|
|
| –n
| do not display command numbers
|
|
| –r
| reverse the order (latest commands first)
|
|
| and range can be:
|
|
| n1 [n2]
| display list from command n1 to command n2. If n2 is not specified, display all commands from current command back to command n1.
|
|
| –count
| display the last count commands
|
|
| string
| display all the previous commands back to the command that matches string
|
| fc [options] [range]
| edit and re-execute range commands from the history file according to options. If no range argument is given, edit and re-execute the last command. Options can be:
|
|
| –e editor
| use the specified editor (default FCEDIT or /bin/ed)
|
|
| –r
| reverse the order (latest commands first)
|
|
| and range can be:
|
|
| n1 n2
| edit command n1 to command n2
|
|
| n
| edit command n
|
|
| –n
| edit previous nth command
|
|
| string
| use all the previous commands back to the command that matches string
|
| fc –e – [old=new] [command]
| edit and re-execute command where old=new specified to replace the string old with new before executing. If no command argument is given, use the last command. The command can be given as:
|
|
| n
| edit and re-execute command number n
|
|
| –n
| edit and re-execute the last nth command
|
|
| string
| edit and re-execute the most previous command that matches string
|
| getopts optsring name arguments
| parse arguments, using optstring as the list of valid options; save the option letter in name
|
| getopts optsring name
| parse positional parameters, using optstring as the list of valid options; save the option letter in name
|
| newgrp
| change the group-id to the default group-id
|
| newgrp gid
| change group id to gid
|
| pwd
| display pathname of current directory
|
| readonly
| display a list of readonly variables
|
| readonly var
| set var to be readonly
|
| readonly var=value
| set var to value and make it readonly
|
| set
| display a list of current variables and their values
|
| set –o
| display current option settings
|
| set args
| set positional parameters
|
| set –args
| set positional parameters even if they begin with –
| set –s
| sort positional parameters
|
| set ––
| unset positional parameters
|
| shift
| shift the positional parameters once to the left
|
| shift n
| shift the positional parameters n times to the left
|
| test expression
| evaluate expression
|
| time command
| display the elapsed, user, and system time spent executing command
|
| times
| display the total user and system time for the current Korn shell and its child processes
|
| trap commands signals
| execute commands when signals are received
|
| trap "" signals
| ignore signals
|
| trap signals, trap –signals
| reset traps to their default values
|
| trap commands 0, trap commands EXIT
| execute commands on exit
|
| trap
| display a list of current traps
|
| trap commands DEBUG
| execute commands after each command is executed
|
| trap commands ERR
| if the errexit (–e) option is enabled, then execute commands after commands that have a non-zero exit status
|
| true
| return a non-zero exit status
|
| typeset
| display a list of current variables and their values
|
| ulimit [options] n
| set a resource limit to n. If n is not given, the specified resource limit is displayed. If no option is given, the file size limit (–f) is displayed.
|
|
| –a
| displays all the current resource limits
|
|
| –c n
| set the core dump size limit to n 512-byte blocks
|
|
| –d n
| set the data area size limit to n kilobytes
|
|
| –f n
| set the child process file write limit to n 512-byte blocks (default)
|
|
| –m n
| set the physical memory size limit to n kilobytes
|
|
| –s n
| set the stack area size limit to n kilobytes
|
|
| –t n
| set the process time limit to n seconds
|
| umask
| display the current value of the file creation mask
|
| umask mask
| set the default file creation mask to mask
|
| unset var
| remove the definition of var
|
| whence name
| display information about name
|
| whence –v name
| display more information about name
| |
